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- @node Geography (Pacific Ocean)
- @section Geography (Pacific Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Location:
- body of water between the Western Hemisphere and Asia/Australia
- Map references:
- Asia, North America, Oceania, South America, Standard Time Zones of the
- World
- Area:
- total area:
- 165.384 million km2
- comparative area:
- about 18 times the size of the US; the largest ocean (followed by the
- Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean); covers about
- one-third of the global surface; larger than the total land area of the
- world
- note:
- includes Arafura Sea, Banda Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, Bering Sea, Bering
- Strait, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Makassar Strait,
- Philippine Sea, Ross Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, South China Sea,
- Tasman Sea, and other tributary water bodies
- Coastline:
- 135,663 km
- International disputes:
- some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
- Climate:
- the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer
- months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a
- dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian land
- mass back to the ocean
- Terrain:
- surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise,
- warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern
- Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific sea
- ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern
- Pacific sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October;
- the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific
- Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the
- world's deepest, the 10,924 meter Marianas Trench
- Natural resources:
- oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer
- deposits, fish
- Environment:
- endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals,
- turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea;
- dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the
- southwestern Pacific Ocean; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in
- southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to
- October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike
- Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and
- September); southern shipping lanes subject to icebergs from Antarctica;
- occasional El Nino phenomenon occurs off the coast of Peru when the trade
- winds slacken and the warm Equatorial Countercurrent moves south, killing
- the plankton that is the primary food source for anchovies; consequently,
- the anchovies move to better feeding grounds, causing resident marine birds
- to starve by the thousands because of their lost food source
-
-
-
- @end display
-
- @node Geography (Pacific Ocean 2. usage)
- @section Geography (Pacific Ocean 2. usage)
-
- @display
-
- Note:
- the major choke points are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait,
- and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the
- North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; ships subject to
- superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May and in extreme
- south from May to October; persistent fog in the northern Pacific from June
- to December is a hazard to shipping; surrounded by a zone of violent
- volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the Pacific Ring
- of Fire
-
-
-
- @end display
-
- @node Government (Pacific Ocean)
- @section Government (Pacific Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Digraph: ZN
-
-
-
- @end display
-
- @node Economy (Pacific Ocean)
- @section Economy (Pacific Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Overview:
- The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and
- particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides
- low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing
- grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the
- construction industry. In 1985 over half (54%) of the world's total fish
- catch came from the Pacific Ocean, which is the only ocean where the fish
- catch has increased every year since 1978. Exploitation of offshore oil and
- gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of
- Australia, New Zealand, China, US, and Peru. The high cost of recovering
- offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil
- since 1985, has slowed but not stopped new drillings.
- Industries:
- fishing, oil and gas production
-
-
-
- @end display
-
- @node Communications (Pacific Ocean)
- @section Communications (Pacific Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Ports:
- Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong, Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan
- (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China),
- Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ),
- Yokohama (Japan)
- Telecommunications:
- several submarine cables with network nodal points on Guam and Hawaii
-
-
-
- @end display
-